Even experienced makers run into 3D printing problems. From failed first layers to under-extrusion and stringing, knowing how to identify and fix common issues can save time and materials. This guide covers typical FDM and resin 3D printing problems and their solutions.
Step 1: First Layer Not Sticking
- Causes: Bed not level, nozzle too high, dirty build surface
- Fixes: Re-level bed, adjust Z-offset, clean bed with isopropyl alcohol
- Tips: Use a brim or raft for larger parts
Step 2: Warping
- Causes: Cooling too quickly, uneven bed temperature, drafty room
- Fixes: Enclose the printer, use a heated bed, increase bed adhesion
- Tips: Print with brim, lower cooling fan during first layers
Step 3: Stringing and Oozing
- Causes: Retraction settings too low or nozzle too hot
- Fixes: Increase retraction distance and speed, lower nozzle temp
- Tips: Enable combing and coasting settings
Step 4: Under-Extrusion
- Causes: Clogged nozzle, low flow rate, incorrect filament diameter
- Fixes: Clean nozzle, check E-steps, ensure filament moves freely
Step 5: Over-Extrusion
- Causes: Flow rate too high, wrong filament settings
- Fixes: Reduce extrusion multiplier (flow%), calibrate E-steps
Step 6: Layer Shifting
- Causes: Loose belts, collision, overheating stepper drivers
- Fixes: Tighten belts, reduce speed, check for mechanical obstructions
Step 7: Elephant’s Foot (bulging bottom layers)
- Causes: Bed too hot or nozzle too close
- Fixes: Lower bed temp slightly, adjust initial Z height
Step 8: Z-Banding / Layer Inconsistencies
- Causes: Z-axis wobble, inconsistent extrusion
- Fixes: Check Z-rod alignment, ensure smooth filament feeding
Step 9: Print Not Sticking to Supports
- Causes: Support interface gap too wide
- Fixes: Reduce Z distance between support and model in slicer
Step 10: Resin-Specific Issues
- Layer separation: Insufficient exposure time or dirty FEP
- Parts not cured: Increase exposure or check UV light source
- Print won't stick to build plate: Re-level plate, clean with alcohol, increase bottom layer exposure
Next Steps
Use calibration tests like temperature towers, retraction tests, and overhang challenges to tune your printer. Keep a log of issues and fixes to improve over time — every failed print is a learning opportunity!